Definition: The perceived colour of an object is affected by the colour of the lighting under which it is viewed. The human brain is able to detect and compensate for such changes in perceived colour. As a result, a white object will look white to humans whether viewed in sunlight or under overcast skies, or indoors under incandescent or fluorescent lighting.
A digital camera must emulate the human brain and adjust colours accordingly to lighting so that colours appear white when viewed directly also appear white in the final photograph. This adjustment is called “White Balance”. Most video systems use a "white balance" to aid in overcoming colour problems created by adverse lighting conditions. The colour balance assumes that under normal conditions, that if a white object can be made to look white, then the remaining colours will be accurate too.
If the original lighting is not close to the proper colour temperature (typically daylight), the "white balance" may reproduce white at the expense of other hues. Most digital cameras feature automatic white balance, this means that the camera looks at the overall colour of the image and calculates the best-fit white balance, however these systems are often fooled (especially if taking a photograph dominated by one colour, say green).
Modern "prosumer" digital cameras also allow "white preset" which simply means measuring the white point from a white sheet of paper or card (or nearby wall), the camera will then record that temperature and use it to correct all images until you reset it. Definition: A function on the camera to compensate for different colors of light being emitted by different light sources.
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